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UGC NET PAPER 1 · UNIT 07 · MODULE 6: REVISION AND EXAM READINESS · TOPIC 10

Quick Revision Sheet and Concept-MCQ Hot Spots

Formula sheet, memory aids, pairs the examiner likes to contrast, hot spots and a true-false drill.

  • 5 sub-topics
  • 4 min read
  • Topic 10 of 11

What this topic covers

5 sub-topics, in the order to study them. Tap one to jump to it.

  1. §OverviewUse this section in the last week before the exam.
  2. 10.1One-page formula sheetQuantity Formula Mean Sum of observations / number of observations Weighted mean Σ(w × x) / Σw Mode (empirical) 3 × Median − 2 × Mean Percentage Part / Whole × 100…
  3. 10.2Memory aidsCovers Data to wisdom ladder, NOIR, Histogram, Line chart, Questionnaire and more.
    • Data to wisdom ladder
    • NOIR
    • Histogram
    • Bar chart
    • Line chart
  4. 10.3Pairs the examiner likes to contrastPair Key difference Primary and secondary data First-hand and original, against previously collected Quantitative and qualitative data Numbers and measurement, against…
  5. 10.4Hot spots for concept MCQsFrom the pattern of how these topics are usually tested, the following are the areas where a direct concept question is most likely.
  6. 10.5Rapid-fire true and falseCovers False, False, False, False, False and more.
    • False
    • True

Revision mode hides the full explanations and keeps each section's key terms, lists and tables. Use it from your second read onward.

§Overview#

Use this section in the last week before the exam. It compresses the whole unit into formulas, memory aids and the pairs of terms that examiners like to contrast.

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10.1One-page formula sheet#

In brief

Quantity Formula Mean Sum of observations / number of observations Weighted mean Σ(w × x) / Σw Mode (empirical) 3 × Median − 2 × Mean Percentage Part / Whole × 100…

Quantity Formula
Mean Sum of observations / number of observations
Weighted mean Σ(w × x) / Σw
Mode (empirical) 3 × Median − 2 × Mean
Percentage Part / Whole × 100
Percentage change (New − Old) / Old × 100
Percentage point change New per cent − Old per cent
Successive change a + b + ab / 100
Class width Upper limit − Lower limit
Class mark (Lower + Upper) / 2
Pie sector angle Value / Total × 360°
Share from angle Angle / 360 × 100
Frequency density Frequency / Class width
Coefficient of variation SD / Mean × 100
CAGR (End / Start)^(1/n) − 1
Rule of 72 Doubling time ≈ 72 / growth rate in per cent

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10.2Memory aids#

In brief

Covers Data to wisdom ladder, NOIR, Histogram, Line chart, Questionnaire and more.

  • Data to wisdom ladder
  • NOIR
  • Histogram
  • Bar chart
  • Line chart
  • Pie chart
  • Scatter plot
  • Ogive crossing point

  • Data to wisdom ladder: Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom.

  • NOIR: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio, in rising order of power.

  • Parameter and Population, Statistic and Sample: P goes with P, S goes with S.

  • Histogram: continuous data, no gaps. Bar chart: categories, gaps.

  • Line chart: time trend. Pie chart: share of a whole. Scatter plot: relationship. Ogive crossing point: median.

  • Questionnaire: the respondent fills. Schedule: the investigator fills.

  • Census: whole population. Sample: a part, with sampling error.

  • 5 Vs of big data: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value.

  • G2C, G2B, G2G, G2E: government to citizen, business, government, employee.

  • FAIR data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable.

  • Percentage change always divides by the old value.

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10.3Pairs the examiner likes to contrast#

In brief

Pair Key difference Primary and secondary data First-hand and original, against previously collected Quantitative and qualitative data Numbers and measurement, against…

Pair Key difference
Primary and secondary data First-hand and original, against previously collected
Quantitative and qualitative data Numbers and measurement, against descriptions and categories
Discrete and continuous variable Separate whole values, against any value in a range
Questionnaire and schedule Self-filled, against interviewer-filled
Census and sample Complete enumeration, against a selected part
Probability and non-probability sampling Known chance of selection, against no known chance
Bar chart and histogram Gaps and categories, against no gaps and continuous classes
Exclusive and inclusive classes Upper limit excluded, against both limits included
Cross-sectional and time series data Many units at one time, against one unit over time
Parameter and statistic Population measure, against sample measure
Percentage and percentage point Relative change, against simple difference
Data and information Raw facts, against processed meaning
Open data and big data Freely shared data, against very large and varied data
Digital divide and digital literacy Gap in access and use, against skill to use ICT

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10.4Hot spots for concept MCQs#

In brief

From the pattern of how these topics are usually tested, the following are the areas where a direct concept question is most likely.

From the pattern of how these topics are usually tested, the following are the areas where a direct concept question is most likely. This is a judgement based on the syllabus wording and typical questions, not a count from a particular year.

  1. Which graph suits which kind of data (trend, share, distribution, relationship).

  2. Differences between pairs of terms in the table above.

  3. Types of classification: geographical, chronological, qualitative, quantitative.

  4. Examples of qualitative and quantitative data, and of the four scales of measurement.

  5. Features of a pie chart, line chart, bar chart and histogram.

  6. Sources of data and tools of data collection.

  7. Basic e-governance, open data, Digital India and education data systems.

  8. Definitions of mean, median and mode, and the effect of skewness.

  9. The meaning of a percentage point and of a growth rate.

  10. Data privacy principles and the digital divide.

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10.5Rapid-fire true and false#

In brief

Covers False, False, False, False, False and more.

  • False
  • True

  • Mean is not affected by extreme values. False: it is affected; the median is not.

  • A histogram has gaps between bars. False: the bars touch.

  • A pie chart suits time series. False: use a line chart.

  • Secondary data are collected first-hand. False: that is primary data.

  • Temperature in Celsius is a ratio scale. False: it is an interval scale.

  • Mode can be absent in a data set. True.

  • A rise from 40 per cent to 50 per cent is a 10 per cent increase. False: it is 10 percentage points and a 25 per cent increase.

  • In a symmetric distribution, mean, median and mode are equal. True.

  • A questionnaire needs a literate respondent. True.

  • A census always has sampling error. False: sampling error belongs to sample surveys (non-sampling errors can still occur).

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Test yourself on Quick Revision Sheet and Concept-MCQ Hot Spots

Practise with free MCQs and answer keys, then return here to fix what you got wrong.

↑ Module 6: Revision and Exam Readiness · All 12 topics in Data Interpretation · Unit overview and sample MCQs

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